It’s important to use a consistent style when writing numbers. If you’re inconsistent in the same document, it will look like a mistake!
There are various ways of writing numbers, explained below.
Style 1 is the most common – and style 2 is common in certain situations (e.g. online). The third table shows additional information on how to write numbers – which applies in most situations. Style 3 is used for writing about costs and fees in legal and financial contexts. Academic writing is covered in style 4.
Choose your style from the information in these tables:
Style 1 | This is the most common style for writing numbers (e.g. newspapers, business reports, books) | |
---|---|---|
Numbers | Details | Examples |
one – nine | Write in words | We met one coach, two teachers and nine students in the gym. |
10 and over | Write in digits | We met 120 students, 12 teachers and 22 parents in the gym. |
Mixed numbers in the same sentence | Most common: Follow the style above so that numbers are a mixture of digits and words. Also possible: Use all digits (which means that numbers under 10 will be digits in some sentences and spelled out in others) |
a. We met two teachers, 120 students and nine parents in the gym. b. We met 2 teachers, 120 students and 9 parents in the gym. |
At the start of a sentence | Write in words, even when it’s over 10 . BUT If the number is over 99, try to rephrase the sentence (or round it up or down) |
a. Twelve people attended the meeting.
b. Last year, 102,000 complaints were made by the public. c. Over 100,000 complaints were made by the public. |
Punctuation for numbers at the start of a sentence | Two-word numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine are always hyphenated | Twenty-two people attended the meeting. |
Style 2
Additional information | Most numbering styles use these conventions | |
---|---|---|
Numbers | Details | Examples |
Numbering lists | Always use digits for tables of contents, page numbers, numbered lists etc. | Details are in table 1 in Appendix 2. |
Million & billion | • A billion is one thousand million (not one million million)
• Use the abbreviations except for people |
a. €65m
b. 3bn c. 2 million people |
Units of measurement | Write in digits, even when under 10 | 2km / €4 / 1kg / 10% / 12lbs |
Thousands | Use a comma for numbers over 999 | Over 1,000 people attended the demonstration. |
Ordinal numbers | • Write out in full until ninth then use digits • See separate entry for dates |
a. First to ninth
b. 10th / 21st / 62nd |
Decimals | • For decimals under 1, use the zero
• Note the full stop, not a comma |
a. 0.5%
b. 0.33 recurring |
Avoid confusion | This is your first priority – so break any rules if it’s necessary for clarity | a. three 4-page reports three four-page reports Not: 3 4-page reports b. the first 2 items / the first two items |